Effects Debate factsheet
1) Complete the questions in the first activity box (beginning with 'Do you play violent games? Are you violent in real life?')
-Yes I do play violent video games and watch violent films but I am definitely not violent with my real life actions
-I frequently see products advertised on TV or the internet and they make me want to go out and buy it for myself
-I've watched many documentaries on sea pollution which have made me think strongly towards how people treat the ocean as they are killing all the sea-life
2) What are the four categories for different effects theories
The Columbine High School massacre was a school shooting that occurred on the 20th of April 1999. Two boys(Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold) who attended the Columbine high school as seniors murdered 12 students and one teachers and injured an additional 21 people with gunshots and even exchanged fire with the police they then both commited suicide in the school library. At the time it was known as the most deadly school shooting to ever occur. In addition to the shootings there were also several homemade
5) What are the reasons listed on the factsheet to possibly explain the Columbine High School massacre?
The primary proposition of cultivation theory states that the more time people spend 'living' in the television world, the more likely they are to believe social reality alligns with whats portrayed on television. Gerbners Cultivation theory suggests that the media affects attitudes opposed to your behaviour.
7) How does this front page of the Daily Mail (from this week - Wednesday 16 November) link to Cultivation theory? The Mail Online version of the story is here.
Just below where it says Daily Mail we see the words 'Anti-age your neck' and next to it there is a picture of a woman with an extremely sharp jawline making her look very youthful. By doing this the audience then thinks that by getting sharp jawline will make you look much more younger than you are and the more people that talk about this the more it will spread.
8) What does the factsheet suggest about action films and the values and ideologies that are reinforced with regards to violence?
9) What criticisms of direct effect theories are suggested in the factsheet?
A piece of criticism is that the theory makes simplified judgements about the audience as the theory believes they all respond the exact same towards media
10) Why might the 1970s sitcom Love Thy Neighbour be considered so controversial today? What does this tell us about Reception theory and how audiences create meanings?
Love Thy Neighbour is considered to be extremely controversial because of how it uses racism in a comedy aspect which many people now take a lot of offence to as they just see it as plain racism which is clear use of Reception theory as the audience is creating a new meaning.
11) What examples are provided for Hall's theory of preferred, negotiated and oppositional readings?
Preferred reading is when you respond to a reading in the way the producer wants you to without changing anything at all
Negotiated reading is accepting the intended reading but with the audience making some small changes but it is still pretty much the same
Oppositional reading is when you completely go against the preferred reading and make up your own meaning instead.
12) Which audience theory do you think is most convincing? Why? It is important that you develop critical autonomy in judging the arguments for and against different theories and form your own opinion on these issues.
In my opinion the most convincing is the two step flow model as it suggests that we are mainly influenced by figures like famous YouTubers which I definitely can agree with because I and many other people watch YouTube on a daily basis to the point where we may even feel a personal relationship forming with us and the content creator
-Yes I do play violent video games and watch violent films but I am definitely not violent with my real life actions
-I frequently see products advertised on TV or the internet and they make me want to go out and buy it for myself
-I've watched many documentaries on sea pollution which have made me think strongly towards how people treat the ocean as they are killing all the sea-life
2) What are the four categories for different effects theories
- Direct effect theories
- Diffusion theories
- Indirect effect theories
- The pluralist approach
- Childs Play- The muder of Jamie Bulger
- Marilyn Manson- The columbine High School shootings
- Natural born killers- a number of murders committed by romantically linked couples. in one case the director was sued for inciting violence although the court case was later dismissed
The Columbine High School massacre was a school shooting that occurred on the 20th of April 1999. Two boys(Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold) who attended the Columbine high school as seniors murdered 12 students and one teachers and injured an additional 21 people with gunshots and even exchanged fire with the police they then both commited suicide in the school library. At the time it was known as the most deadly school shooting to ever occur. In addition to the shootings there were also several homemade
5) What are the reasons listed on the factsheet to possibly explain the Columbine High School massacre?
- The Columbine High School shootings occurred due to a complex relationship between: The ease of access to firearms and the social acceptance of gun ownership, The alienation felt by teenagers who felt as though they did not fit in, The hopelessness caused by living in an area where unemployment was high and was economically disadvantaged, The general desensitisation caused by access to a range of violent images: film, TV, the news, the internet.
The primary proposition of cultivation theory states that the more time people spend 'living' in the television world, the more likely they are to believe social reality alligns with whats portrayed on television. Gerbners Cultivation theory suggests that the media affects attitudes opposed to your behaviour.
7) How does this front page of the Daily Mail (from this week - Wednesday 16 November) link to Cultivation theory? The Mail Online version of the story is here.
Just below where it says Daily Mail we see the words 'Anti-age your neck' and next to it there is a picture of a woman with an extremely sharp jawline making her look very youthful. By doing this the audience then thinks that by getting sharp jawline will make you look much more younger than you are and the more people that talk about this the more it will spread.
8) What does the factsheet suggest about action films and the values and ideologies that are reinforced with regards to violence?
9) What criticisms of direct effect theories are suggested in the factsheet?
A piece of criticism is that the theory makes simplified judgements about the audience as the theory believes they all respond the exact same towards media
10) Why might the 1970s sitcom Love Thy Neighbour be considered so controversial today? What does this tell us about Reception theory and how audiences create meanings?
Love Thy Neighbour is considered to be extremely controversial because of how it uses racism in a comedy aspect which many people now take a lot of offence to as they just see it as plain racism which is clear use of Reception theory as the audience is creating a new meaning.
11) What examples are provided for Hall's theory of preferred, negotiated and oppositional readings?
Preferred reading is when you respond to a reading in the way the producer wants you to without changing anything at all
Negotiated reading is accepting the intended reading but with the audience making some small changes but it is still pretty much the same
Oppositional reading is when you completely go against the preferred reading and make up your own meaning instead.
12) Which audience theory do you think is most convincing? Why? It is important that you develop critical autonomy in judging the arguments for and against different theories and form your own opinion on these issues.
In my opinion the most convincing is the two step flow model as it suggests that we are mainly influenced by figures like famous YouTubers which I definitely can agree with because I and many other people watch YouTube on a daily basis to the point where we may even feel a personal relationship forming with us and the content creator
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